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Lower Limb Biomechanics
The Role of the Foot:
The foot has a major impact on how the lower limb works. Efficient, injury-
Table 1.
Foot Types:
Both the low arched foot (exhibiting excess pronation) and high arched foot (supinated)
have been reported as important factors in predisposing individuals to overuse injury
(6,8) (Figs. 1 and 2). According to Vasyli (11) it is estimated that around 75% of
the population suffer from ‘excess-
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Low arch foot High arch foot
(exhibits excess pronation) (exhibits excess supination)
References:
1. Cornwall, M. (2000). Common Pathomechanics of the Foot. Journal of Athletic Therapy
Today. 5(1),10-
2. Padiar, N. (2001). Foot Orthotics: Their Role in Injury Management. Journal of
Sportex Medicine. 8, 6-
3. Bolgla, L., Keskula, D. (2003). A Biomechanical Approach to Evaluating and Treating
Lower Leg Dysfunction. Journal of Athletic Therapy Today, 8(5), 6-
4. Kulig, K., Burnfield, J. Reischl, S. et al. (2005). Effect of Foot Orthoses on
Tibialis Posterior Activation in Persons with Pes Planus. Journal of Medicine & Science
in Sports & Exercise, 37(1), 24-
5. O’Connor, K., Hamill, J. (2004). The Role of Selected Extrinsic Foot Muscles During
Running. Journal of Clinical Biomechanics. 19 (1), 71-
6. Razeghi, M. Batt, M.E. (2000). Biomechanical Analysis of the Effect of Orthotic
Shoe Inserts. Journal of Sports Medicine, 29, 425-
7. Reiley M. !995). Guidelines for Prescribing Foot Orthotics. SLACK Incorporated: USA.
8. Quinn, G. (2007). Foot Posture, Biomechanics & Orthotic Selection Workshop. Cheshire, July 2007.
9. Dananberg, J.H. (1993). Gait Style as an Etiology to Chronic Postural Pain. Part
1. Journal of American Podiatric Medical Association, 83(8), 433-
10. Dananberg, J.H., Guiliano, M. (1999). Chronic Low-
11. Vasyli, (2005). Lower Limb Biomechanics Workshops -
12. Landorf, K.B., Keenan, A.M. (2000). Efficacy of Foot Orthoses. Journal of American
Podiatric Medical Association. 90(3), 149-
13. Ball, K., Afheldt, M. (2002). Evolution of Foot Orthotics -